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Oral galvanism
Oral or dental electro-galvanism occurs when two or more dissimilar metals in dental restorations which are bathed in saliva, or a single metal in contact with two electrolytes such as saliva and pulp fluid tissue, produce an electric current.〔Nogi N (1989) (current around dental metals as a factor producing allergenic metal ions in the oral cavity” ) Nihon Hifuka Gakkai Zasshi. 99(12): 1243-1254; Japanese; PMID 2622059.〕 when associated with pain, the term galvanic pain is used.
This electric current may cause a variety of immediate symptoms in some people, such as oral discomfort, skin irritation, headaches and a metallic taste in the mouth.〔Kucerová H, Dostálová T, Procházková J, Bártová J, Himmlová L (2002) “Influence of galvanic phenomena on the occurrence of algic symptoms in the mouth” Gen Dent. 50(1): 62-65; PMID 12029800.〕 The galvanism can affect immune levels〔Podzimek S, Tomka M, Sommerova P, Lyuya-Mi Y, Bartova J, Prochazkova J (2013) “Immune markers in oral discomfort patients before and after elimination of oral galvanism” Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 34(8): 802-808; PMID 24522020.〕 and the trigeminal nerve, causing a variety of other symptoms, such as insomnia, vertigo, and memory loss.〔Cheshire WP Jr (2000) “The shocking tooth about trigeminal neuralgia” N Engl J Med. 342(26): 2003; PMID 10877664.〕 The condition is idiopathic, depending on the individual’s state of health.〔Nilner K, Nilsson B (1982) “Intraoral currents and taste thresholds” Swed Dent J. 6(3): 105-113; PMID 6955987.〕 It has varying effects on oral microbial communities.〔Zituni D, Schütt-Gerowitt H, Kopp M, Krönke M, Addicks K, Hoffmann C, Hellmich M, Faber F, Niedermeier W (2014) “The growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in low-direct current electric fields” Int J Oral Sci. 6(1): 7-14; PMID 24008271.〕 It has been known since 1878.〔Schriever W, Diamond LE (1952) “Electromotive forces and electric currents caused by metallic dental fillings” J Dent Res. 31(2): 205-229; PMID 14917837.〕 Oral galvanism can usually be reduced or eliminated by replacing metallic amalgam restorations with ceramic or polymer restorations.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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